Week 12 Collaborative Prospectus Introduction Review

Conduct problems and delinquency create a burden on society as a whole. Costing around $20 billion a year, the number have people in U.S. prisons has risen tremendously over the past few decades, with little impact on crime but at great cost to taxpayers and society. History has shown that individuals who have social behavior problems are more likely to pass on aggressive traits to their children through harsh parenting. Thus, contributing to the never ending cycle of imprisonment. Previous research has found that the environment plays a large role in social behaviors such as aggression. Those with aggression tend to have many conduct problems and become the delinquents of society. We can partially distribute the origins of these problems and dangerous social behaviors to an individual’s environment.

In the context of social interactions, research showed that the interactions between the prisoners and guards have negative psychological affects on the inmates.These effects embed themselves in the prisoners and later manifest themselves in their parenting styles. Similarly, we have found that negative parenting practices have contributed to childhood aggression. In both cases, the authoritative figures display inhospitable attitudes towards the individual who developed conduct problems. In respect to physical environmental factors, we have found that some of current prison’s interior structures and lights are having negative influences on inmates’ mood and social behaviors. Prison cells are only focused on its purpose of having authoritative control over prisoners and do not respect them as a individual human beings. This type of relationship causes tension amongst each other and dehumanizes both parties.

For our research, we would like to explore ways to eradicate this problem. To do so, we would first restructure the prison itself by creating a more ideal living space that respects individual human beings as opposed to isolating them. In this new environment we would like to give effective treatments for their aggression. We would do so by integrating individual social-cognitive processing skills. For example, research has shown that by developing pro-social skills, perspective taking/interpersonal problem solving, and anger management tactics have helped reduce aggression. Therefore, the inmates could be taught these life skills to better prepare them for society post bail. Thirdly, we would implement parent management training or the families of former inmates. This training would include positive parent-child interaction, monitoring, effective discipline and communication methods. Training prison guards to effectively monitor and communicate with inmates in ways that would inherently influence the inmates to use better parenting practices when they are communicating with their children. Teaching inmates effective parenting styles would reduce the risk of conduct disorders in children and diminish aggressive behaviors. In turn, by modifying the structure of a prison and providing effective rehabilitation using the multi-model intervention we can eradicate the cycle of imprisonment. It is our hope that by creating this new environment, we could diminish negative social behaviors and help former inmates become contributing members of society.

Week 11 – Preliminary Prospectus Ideas

My Literature review topic was about Negative Parenting and Childhood Aggression. There were a couple of interesting things that i found during the research.  Most of these factors also relate to some of the members in my group that i would be doing the Prospectus with.  Research has found that parental child rearing attitudes had unique contribution to the prediction of aggression.  Something that i did not mention in my literature review is that the children who develop aggression at young age, are more like to have other conduct disorders and go to jail.  The most important negative parental factors that contribute to child aggression are authoritarian, controlling, negative/harsh, uninvolved, punitive, monitoring and abusive parenting.   An interesting factors was that girls are more affected by the parenting of mother and boys tend to have no effect. Children who develop aggression, they see the world as uncaring and they think that since no one likes them, they are probably not worth being cared for.  Therefore, they develop that negative views about the world which leads to more problems in the future.

Week 9 – Literature Review (Reverse Outline)

Krishnakumar, A., & Buehler, C. (2000) Interparental conflict and parenting behaviors: A meta- analytic review. Family relations, 49(1) 25-44.

                                         First 5 paragraphs:

The first paragraph starts off introducing the two hypothesis, first one stated that   exposure to parental aggression can have negative impact for youth and their well being, the second hypothesis was that  conflict in distress marriage can impact on parenting practices which in turn affects youth, It also lists the 3 key components that affect the parenting practices. This paragraph functions as the starting point and it also defines terms that will later be introduced in the paper.

The second paragraph talks about the primary focus of this research which was the  overall martial quality and parent- child relationship. It mentions the limitations of the studies.

3rd Paragraph: The metal analytic was built from the 39 studies. This paragraph tells us how this research can guide the clinicians.

4th paragraph: Defines interparental conflict and goes into details about how it affects the children.

5th paragraph: Different parental conflict styles are introduced that affects the parental behaviors and it mentions the measuring scales that are being used to measure the parental styles.

                                                Last  5 paragraphs:

1st paragraph:what the limitations of the study were and how they could be avoided in the future research. This paragraph functions as the closing point of the body of the paper.

2nd paragraph: the most effect way to measure parent child and martial conflict  was observed style and the length of the observation was 3 mins. This paragraph is evaluating the styles of measuring , i think this is important because we cna find out whats the best method for future research.

3rd paragraph:  The most important factors of the study was youth reports of interparental conflicts, it helped to understand how martial conflicts were affecting the youth.

4th paragraph: Recommendation for clinicians about what the future research should focus on by listing number of possible areas.

5th paragraph: a longitudinal study is needed because  the effect parental conflict on parenting is still unknown.

Week 8 – What Do We Know?

I proposed to explore the relationships between negative parenting and childhood aggression.  Previous research  has found that childhood aggression was related to the parenting practices of care neglect, poor supervision, and harsh punitive discipline.  There are few studies that have examined parenting and relational aggression have found evidence that aversive parenting may be related to relational aggression, though the findings are somewhat inconsistent and vary with the gender of the parent and the child. Studies also show that more authoritarian the mothers, the more likely their children were to adopt negative coping strategies.  Authoritarian parents solve disciplinary problems by coercion, physical punishment and verbal reprimands.  They are less likely to explain to their reasons behind their demands or punishment.  Under authoritarian parenting, children’s emotion arousal level may be maintained at too high a level for the child to learn constructive ways of handling their emotions.  The more adolescents tell their parents and the lower the level of negativity in the parent- adolescent relationship, the less aggressive behavior they show.

Week 7 – Speculating About Damasio’s Final Questions

Gage lost something uniquely human, the ability to plan his future as a social being. How aware was he of this loss? Might he be described as self- conscious in the same sense that you and I are? Is it fair to say that his soul was diminished, or that he had lost his soul? And if so, what would Descartes have thought had he known about Gage and had he had the knowledge of neurobiology we now have? Would he have inquired about Gage’s pineal gland?

Response:  Gage was sure that after the accident he was not the same person he used to be but i don’t think he knew that the things he does and he language he uses is wrong ,so he was aware that something is wrong with him but he was not 100% sure about his problem. I take it as having a disease and not really not the side effects because everything seems alright. To him the crazy decisions he would make about life were okay!. I believe that he was not self- conscious because if he was he would not enjoy doing the things that were not right. He became very amoral, rude and animalistic. We tend to learn from our mistakes and if we can not differentiate between what’s wrong or right there is something wrong. In the reading, Harlow notes, he was good at “always finding something which did not suit him.” To me this statement is odd because i don’t think that anyone wants to do the things that don’t suit them people want to have good and easy life so they do the things they should be doing. People would not experiment with their whole life. I would say that it was almost like loosing his soul because if our mind and body are suppose to work together, so if they are not in-sync we are going to be lost and our body is going to be confused whether to listen to the heart or mind. If they have had the neurobiological knowledge that we have now they would have been able to find out what was was reason why he made wrong decisions and why he changed so much.

Week 6: Peer Review (Annotated Bibliography)

Rajbir Kaur

Writing 101Professor: Valdez

9/30/2010

Anotated Bibliography

Kaiser, N.M.,& McBurnett, K.,& Pfiffner, L.J. (2010) Child ADHD Severity and Positive and Negative Parenting as Predictors of Child Social Functioning. Journal of Attention Disorders. 15(3) 193-203

Parents often have something to do with the issues of their children. They can make a difference in their child’s social skills and aggressive behavior no matter how severe the child’s ADHD symptoms may be. In this research on children with ADHD and positive and negative parenting, researchers found out that parenting is an important factor related to child’s lower social skills and aggressive behavior. They findings also suggests that child ADHD severity predicts more problematic parenting, and this problematic parenting in turn is linked to more troubled social outcomes on the part of the child.

Riggio, H.R.,& Kwong, W.Y. (2011). Paranoid thinking, quality of relationships with parents, and social outcome among young children. Journal of family issues. 32(8) 1030-1049.

Two factors are discussed in this article. Children’s poor quality relationships with parents are likely to have negative effects on them and it is associated with paranoid disorders. Children also feel social isolated and lonely when they do not reside with their parents which is also associated with paranoid disorders because individuals who are paranoid avoid social contact, which in turn prevents learning how to accurately read and interpret intentions of others; the lack of experience and skills results in greater social isolation and feelings of loneliness.

Weissman, M.M., & Warner,V., & Wickramaratne, P., & Moreau, D., & Olfson, M. (1997). Offspring of depressed parents. Archives of General Psychiatry, 54(10), 932-940.

This text compares two types of parents those who are depressed and those who are not in order to understand what affect that has on their offspring. As these offspring mature they have a high rate of alcohol dependence and poorer function in work, family and marriage.  The depressed offspring of depressed parents, compared with nondepressed parents, had more serious and impairing depressions during the follow-up period but were less likely to go for treatment.

Week5 – The First Annotated Source

Weissman, M.M., & Warner,V., & Wickramaratne, P., & Moreau, D., & Olfson, M. (1997). Offspring of depressed parents. Archives of General Psychiatry, 54(10), 932-940.

This article is about the outcomes of children with depressed parents. Like i mentioned in my other blogs about my literature review, that i believe there are many childhood disorders that result from parents. One of the disorders that this article talks about is Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and impairment. This text compares two kinds of parents the ones who are depressed and the ones who are not depressed. As these offspring mature they have a high rate of alcohol dependence and poorer function in work, family and marriage. There were more shifts to bipolar disorders in the offspring of depressed than nondepressed parents, but the overall rate of bipolar disorder was lower than the reported by other investigators.  This is relevant to my research because i am talking about the childhood disorders that develop because of parents who are depressed or just not having a good relationship with each other and the child.

Week 4: Language and Psychology

This talk by Mark Pagel is about the theory why humans evolved our complex system of language. According to him language is the only way people can cooperate with each other, it helps us put ideas together, establishes our identity, and it is the voice of our dreams. He says that language is a social technology in a way because it helps us communicate with different countries around the world.

Marks believes that we should not have so many languages because it makes our life very complicated. He gave some examples such as the European Union having so many different people speaking different language and they all need translators which is costing them a lot of money.

I believe that this relates back to my research paper that i will be working which is about childhood disorders such as Social Anxiety and Withdrawal. I think that not being able to socially engage in a group is almost like not being able to understand a language. Children do not have  a way of interacting with other because they feel like they do not belong in certain groups.  Pagel points out that visual learning is a social theft, it seems like if the children who are socially challenged are not being able to live up to this statement, because sometimes they isolate themselves so much from other that they do not even try to understand the language of others.

Week 3: Research Proposal Exericse

I am proposing to explore the  relationship between parent and child and the development of childhood disorders.  I believe that people around us, especially our parents  have a lot of effect on how we behave and live our lives. If a child have been seeing abuse and a unhealthy relationship between both of his parents, it is going to affect the child in a lot of ways especially mentally. I would like to go into details about disorders such as Social Anxiety and Withdrawal.

 

The topic of interest was brought to me  when i took Abnormal Child Psychology. In this  class i read a lot of case studies and the pattern that i found was that most of the disorders in children develop from the kind of relationship their parents have with each other and the child.  It was really interesting and shocking to find out that these disorders don’t just come to us, most of the times they are given by the people around us. I am highly interested in this topic and i would like to explore more because i know there is more to this than just the relationship between the two parties. I would want to explore other factors that could possibly also be the cause of the childhood disorders.

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